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Guide Author |
Mary Johnson |
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District |
Sauk Rapids-Rice District ISD #47, retired |
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Date Created |
05/23/2011 |
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Guide Description |
This guide is designed to help students understand the relationship between natural resources, technology, and population growth. Logging and the lumber industry expanded due to increased demand from population growth. Changes in technology enabled the industry to become more efficient, to meet the growing and diversified demand, and to contribute to a growing consumer society. |
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Title of Main Academic Standard used in Guide |
Minnesota Draft K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies April 29, 2011 |
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Grade Level |
10-11 |
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Learning Level |
Reinforced |
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National Holiday/Special Occasion (optional) |
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Source Format Emphasized |
Photographs, books, maps |
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Geographic Region Emphasized (optional) |
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Other Minnesota Reflections Guide(s) Related to this Guide (optional |
FACS: Housing and Interior Design by Mary Johnson This guide provides a variety of housing designs which correlate to the availability of lumber and advanced building techniques. |
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Standard Title |
Minnesota Draft K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies April 29, 2011 |
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Category |
Social Studies |
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Strand |
U. S. History |
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Sub-strand |
The Development of an Industrial, Urban, and Global United States, 1870-1920 |
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Standard |
The U. S. experienced a process of industrialization and urbanization after 1870. |
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Benchmark 1: standard number |
9.1.8.2.1 |
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Benchmark 1: text |
Analyze how production, consumption, and distribution of goods changed the nature of work and created a consumer society. |
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Benchmark 2: standard number |
9.1.8.2.2 |
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Benchmark 2: text |
Describe how industrialization led to changes in settlement patterns and changed the nature of work, including the establishment of labor unions. |
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Benchmark 3: standard number |
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Benchmark 3: text |
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Benchmark 4: standard number |
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Benchmark 4: text |
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Standard Title |
Minnesota Draft K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies April 29, 2011 |
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Category |
Social Studies |
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Strand |
Economics |
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Sub-strand |
Fundamental Concepts |
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Standard |
The fundamental problem of resource scarcity and how different economic systems address questions about allocation, production, and distribution. |
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Benchmark 1: standard number |
9.4.1.3.1 |
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Benchmark 1: text |
Explain how productive resources and technology limit the production of goods and services. For example: productive resources-human, capital, natural, and entrepreneurial; production possibilities curve and shifts of the curve; effects of technological change. |
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Benchmark 2: standard number |
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Benchmark 2: text |
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Benchmark 3: standard number |
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Benchmark 3: text |
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Benchmark 4: standard number |
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Benchmark 4: text |
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Reading: standard number |
6.12.1.1 |
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Reading: standard text |
Cite specific textual, visual or physical evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources. |
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Math: standard number |
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Math: standard text |
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Media Literacy: standard number |
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Media Literacy: standard text |
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Interdisciplinary Connection |
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Things to Think About |
How did logging and the lumber industry change over time? What is the cause and effect between the lumber industry and population growth? As the lumber industry grew, what new businesses developed? What changes in technology had an impact on logging and the lumber industry? |
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Keywords |
Lumber industry, topographic lumber map, logging, lumberyard, lumber, millwork, architectural elements, lumber transportation |
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Other ideas (to assist with discovery) |
Examine examples of architecture to see how a limited amount of lumber was used to build houses and how the architecture changed as more lumber was available. |
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Challenges to finding resources on this standard |
There are many resources dealing with the production and growth of the lumber industry. Resources support the diversified uses and new businesses that emerged as a more consumer-oriented society developed. One challenge might be to narrow the resources to a particular geographic area. Another challenge is that there is only an indirect impact with regard to the development of labor unions; a few photographs depict railroad and stone mason union members. |
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Title |
Date created |
Description |
Format (photo, map, letter …) |
"Cite the Item" link |
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Levi Ball Sawmill |
1890 |
Sawmill in Avon Township-horse and wagon used for transportation |
Photo |
http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/stearns,205
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Tom Metcalf's Saw Rig |
1895 |
Early sawmill (on left) in Stearns Co., milling machine (on right), includes community onlookers |
Photo |
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Mitchell's Saw Mill |
1909 |
Sawmill in Holdingford. Larger operation using horses |
Photo |
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Construction of Watab Pulp and Paper Mill |
1907 |
Brick Mill in Sartell; expansion of the industry, railroad used for transportation |
Photo |
http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/stearns,209
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Watab Pulp and Paper Mill |
1907 |
Supply of Spruce Pulp wood ready to be manufactured into paper |
Photo |
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Union Lumber Yard in Morris |
1910-1917 |
Large lumber yard with many stacks of lumber |
Photo |
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Topographic map of the southern part of St. Louis County |
1915 |
Handwritten notations by Ray Segar in pencil and red ink regarding logging railroads and camps |
Map |
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Lumbering in Northern Minnesota: Old Fashioned Cork White Pine and Plenty of It |
1924 |
Book with front cover showing an advanced lumber industry. Contents include text and pictures - examples in the next three picks. |
Book |
http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/p15160coll9,45
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Lumbering in Northern Minnesota: Old Fashioned Cork White Pine and Plenty of It (Introduction Page 1) |
1924 |
The Introduction (this is page1 ) gives a summary of the expanded lumber industry |
Book |
http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/p15160coll9,49
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Lumbering in Northern MN: Old Fashioned Cork White Pine and Plenty of It (Introduction Page 2) |
1924 |
Introduction: Page 2 discusses the economic impact |
Book |
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Lumbering in Northern Minnesota: Old Fashioned Cork White Pine and Plenty of It (Felling a big white pine) |
1924 |
Felling a big white pine - two men use a hand saw to cut down a pine tree. There are many other pictures of the logging process. |
Book-photo |
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Gertie Miller at the Merchants Carnival |
1893 |
Gertie Miller at the Merchant Carnival wearing a costume decorated with wood shavings and millwork as an advertisement for the W H Dodge Lumber Co. |
Photo |
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Bell lumber and Pole Workers in New Brighton |
1919 |
Lumber yards treated telephone poles - a new industry |
Photo |
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Log Cabin |
1905 |
Basic log cabin in Big Stone County - depicts limited lumber and rough hewn boards |
Photo |
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Scholberg House on First Street |
1920 |
House in Big Stone Country - depicts increased availability of lumber and improved technology in cutting the boards |
Photo |
http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/bsc,2632
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Running logs on Bullhead Lake, Kelliher, MN |
1907 |
Transporting logs on the lake to the sawmill |
Photo |
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WT Bailey Lumber Company trucks |
1910-1920 |
Transporting lumber by trucks |
Photo |
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There are many photographs and maps in Minnesota Reflections related to logging and the lumber industry. I tried to select items that would help students see the change over time in the industry. Over the years, as more people moved to Minnesota, there was more demand for lumber for homes and businesses. This increase in population, along with new technology promoted growth in the industry and the development of new uses for lumber. The maps show the logging camps and development of the railroad lines to facilitate moving logs from the forests to the mills. I have included only a sample. By searching the key words listed, you will find many more items.
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Students could observe the logging camps, the increased amount of lumber at the lumberyards over time, and the new technology that was employed by these industries. They could use this information to discuss the reasons for the increased demand and how the industry was changing and expanding to meet the demand. They could analyze the types of jobs at the logging camps and the lumber mills, and how and why these jobs changed over time. Students could examine the various advancements in technology, such as: the hand saw to chain saw; rough hewn lumber to lumber sawed into boards; transporting logs by horse, water, truck, and railroad. Students could also analyze how this technology changed the distribution of lumber over time and what new uses were developed for lumber products as society continued to expand. The two pages of text could be used by students to cite specific examples of the growth and development of the lumber industry. The two photographs of the log house and Scholbergh home in Big Stone County could be the basis of a discussion regarding the change over time in size and style of housing based on available materials and tools. As an area developed, more materials, better equipment, and improved means of transportation allowed for more advanced buildings.
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