Guide Author

Joyce Baumann and Terri Haakenson

District

Rocori ISD 750

Date Created

09/25/11

Guide Description

A look at early life on the Duluth Harbor. This guide focuses on several Social Studies standards as listed, but also correlates with other curricular standards. The standards identified in the guide are listed as fourth grade standards in the Minnesota Draft K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies, April 29, 2011 Draft. The descriptions listed in section 8 of this guide are suggestions as to how the primary source can be used in conjunction to the standards within the theme.

Title of Main Academic Standard used in Guide

Minnesota DRAFT K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies April 29, 2011 DRAFT

Grade Level

4

Learning Level

Introductory

National Holiday/Special Occasion (optional)

Source Format Emphasized

Geographic Region Emphasized (optional)

Minnesota

Other Minnesota Reflections Guide(s) Related to this Guide (optional)

Standard Title

Minnesota DRAFT K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies April 29, 2011 DRAFT

Category

U.S. History (specific to Minnesota)

Strand

U.S. History

Sub-strand

1 .Historical Thinking

Standard

1. Historians organize the past into chronological units of time called eras.

Benchmark 1: standard number

4.1.1.1.1

Benchmark 1: text

Explain the meaning of time periods, dates, and eras in history, and use them correctly in speaking and writing.

Benchmark 2: standard number

Benchmark 2: text

Benchmark 3: standard number

Benchmark 3: text

Benchmark 4: standard number

Benchmark 4: text

Standard Title

Minnesota DRAFT K-12 Academic Standards in Social Studies April 29, 2011 DRAFT

Category

Geography (specific to Minnesota)

Strand

Geography

Sub-strand

Human Systems

Standard

1. Physical Features influence human settlement patterns.

Benchmark 1: standard number

4.3.3.1.1

Benchmark 1: text

Explain how physical geographic features are responsible for the location of the largest cities in the United States.

Benchmark 2: standard number

4.3.3.1.2

Benchmark 2: text

Explain how physical features hinder or promote settlement and land use in the United States.

Benchmark 3: standard number

4.3.3.1.3

Benchmark 3: text

Compare and contrast how people live in different regions in the United States, focusing on the traits of culture.

Benchmark 4: standard number

Benchmark 4: text

Reading: standard number

4.6.7.7

Reading: standard text

Conduct short research projects that build knowledge through investigation of different aspects of a topic.

Math: standard number

Math: standard text

Media Literacy: standard number

4.8.7.7.

Media Literacy: standard text

Distinguish among, understand, and use different types of print, digital, and multimodal media.

Interdisciplinary Connection

Things to Think About

What it is you want to get out of the standards using this reflection. Check other standards as well as they could be reached using this guide.

Keywords

Duluth Shipping, Duluth Harbor

Other ideas (to assist with discovery)

May want to check things like shipping, the different product shipped in and out of the harbor, ships/schooners

Challenges to finding resources on this standard

Actually finding pictures for this wasnÕt difficult. May want to find some written or oral sources to go along with the photos.

Title

Date created

Description

Format (photo, map, letter)

"Cite the Item" link

View of Duluth Harbor

1875?

Duluth Harbor Near the Mississippi Freight Depot and Lake Superior. Notice the diver!

Stereograph

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1428

Aerial Bridge Under Construction

1904

The steamer in the canal; the lighthouse on the South Pier. More early Duluth Harbor activity.

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1390

View in Duluth

1873?

Elevator A, small dock, man. What did this elevator hold? Why was it placed on the harbor shore? What was the smokestack from?

Stereograph

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1398

Duluth Harbor

1872?

Notice the schooners: "ships." Lighthouse on Elevator Rock. Looking at the Freight Depot Elevator A as seen in other photos. No aerial bridge!

Stereograph

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1407

Duluth Harbor

1872-05

This photo is depicting "Harbor Improvement." What was this harbor improvement? The view is from the east side of the harbor (Superior?) Note the Railroad docks. What are the men doing? They look dressed well, not workmen.

Stereograph

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1412

Harbor View Duluth

1884

Elevator A in the background. Notice the railway next to the shoreline. Why was having the railroad important to the harbor?

Stereograph

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1444

Whaleback Launch in Duluth.

1890

Why was it an advantage having the shipyard in Duluth? Notice the period clothing. Also the horse and buggies. Notice the whaleback ship.

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1450

Whaleback Launch in Duluth.

1890

Another view of the whaleback ship launch. What is the purpose of this ship? Take note, again, of the period clothing and transportation. Also the small boats in the harbor. Was this a city event?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1451

The Tugboad "Record." Duluth Harbor

1888

Another aspect of the harbor is the tugboats that are needed to assist the ships in docking and getting underway.

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1512

Schooners at a Duluth coal dock

1889

Notice the line up of ships. Also notice the black smoke coming from the stacks. How would this work with the environmental laws in place today?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1524

Schooners in icy Lake Superior

1890

How did winter hinder harbor life?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1526

Schooners in Icy waters.

1890

Winter on the harbor. Why are the ships tied up as they are? What are the products that could be going on the ships according to what can be seen in this photo?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1527

Duluth harbor dock

09-1888

Notice the different types of vessels in the harbor. How does the harbor serve the needs of each one?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1525

Vessels loading at Duluth ore docks

1895

How is the ore loaded on these ships?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1628

View of waterfront

1895

Notice all of the different things going on in this photo. What types of cargo are shipped via the harbor? Why is the railway an important piece to this equation?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,1654

Peerless wreck

1899

Shipwrecks are a part of the harbor life in this era. How has this changed over the years?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,2106

Log Rolling in the Harbor

1911

The harbor provides some interesting sporting/entertaining opportunities

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,4202

Aerial Bridge: Passenger Vessel North American Outbound

09-1913

Another aspect of harbor life is transporting people. How much of the activity in this harbor is passenger ships?

Still Photo

http://reflections.mndigital.org/u?/nemhc,4147

Northeast Minnesota Historical Center

Remember to check out the descriptions as to how the pictures can be used.

Compare and contrast life on the Duluth Harbor then and now. What the railroad contributed to harbor life/industry. How the harbor has changed in the past 100+ years. What was transported to and from the harbor. Importance of the Duluth Harbor to Minnesota, the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence Seaway, and the world. Look for other ideas via the Great Lakes Maritime Research Center listed below.

Duluth Seaway Port Authority http://www.duluthport.com/port-history.php